Carbon Reduction Plan
Datel Services Limited
Reporting Period: 1st January 2025 – 31st December 2025
Prepared: October 2026
Baseline Year: 1st January 2025 – 31st December 2025
Publishing Date: 1 October 2026
1. Introduction
Datel Services Limited (“the Company”) is committed to reducing its carbon emissions and supporting the UK’s transition to net zero. This Carbon Reduction Plan (CRP) sets out the company’s current emissions inventory, its reduction targets, and the actions it will take to achieve them.
This CRP has been prepared in accordance with UK Government procurement requirements (PPN 006/25) and references the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and the UK Government’s Environmental Reporting Guidelines.
2. Organisational Boundary
This CRP covers Datel Services Limited and its UK operations, including:
- Head office at Unit 4a Beaufighter Road, Weston-Super-Mare, England, BS24 8EE
Item | Detail |
Reporting entity | Datel Services Limited |
Company Number | 3841133 |
Registered Address | Unit 4a Beaufighter Road, Weston-Super-Mare, England, BS24 8EE |
Headquarters Size | 1,851 m² |
Total Employees (FTE) | 39 |
Net Zero Commitment Year | 2050 |
The organisational boundary follows the operational control approach. Datel Services Limited operates from a single location — the Weston-Super-Mare Head Office at the registered address. No other entities, sites, or subsidiaries are included or excluded. There are no additional branches, offices, warehouses, or operational locations.
Apportionment: Not applicable — Datel reports a single, wholly occupied site with no shared estate utilities requiring floor-area apportionment.
3. Net Zero Commitment
Datel Services Limited is committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions across all scopes (Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3) by 2050.
This commitment covers all emissions sources within the company’s operational control and value chain, including:
- Fuel combustion in owned or controlled vehicles and facilities (Scope 1)
- Purchased electricity for head office operations (Scope 2)
- Purchased goods, capital goods, waste, business travel, and commuting (Scope 3)
Datel Services Limited recognises that achieving net zero requires both deep reductions in absolute emissions and, where residual emissions remain, the removal of an equivalent amount of carbon from the atmosphere. The company will prioritise direct emission reductions and will only use credible offsetting or removal mechanisms for genuinely unavoidable residual emissions.
4. Reporting Approach
Datel Services Limited operates from a single head office in Weston-Super-Mare. The company is an office-based organisation and does not own or operate any manufacturing facilities, data centres, or large vehicle fleets.
4.1 Reporting Approach for Office-Based Operations
The head office is owned/occupied by the Company, which has operational control over the electricity consumed within its demised area.
4.2 Recommended Reporting Approach
- Operational control boundary — Datel Services Limited reports emissions from activities over which it has operational control. This comprises electricity consumed within its head office premises, fuel combustion in owned vehicles/facilities, and emissions from business activities undertaken by its employees (business travel, commuting, purchased goods and services).
- Location-based reporting — Scope 2 emissions are reported on a location-based method, using the UK grid average emission factor of 0.177 kgCO2e/kWh. No market-based (REGO) claim is made.
- Market-based reporting — Not applicable. Datel confirms “No – REGO” for the reporting period.
- Spend-based method for Scope 3 — The spend-based method has been applied for Categories 1 (Purchased Goods) and 2 (Capital Goods), using DEFRA spend-based multipliers. Activity-based methods have been applied for Categories 5 (Waste), 6 (Business Travel), and 7 (Employee Commuting).
- Intensity metrics — Absolute emissions are reported alongside intensity ratios (tCO2e per FTE and tCO2e per m²) so that performance can be tracked independently of headcount or floor area changes.
5. Baseline Emissions Inventory (1st January 2025 – 31st December 2025)
5.1 Emissions Summary by Scope
Scope | Emissions (tCO2e) |
Scope 1 | 6.69 |
Scope 2 | 0.74 |
Scope 3 | 382.75 |
Total | 390.18 |
Note: Scope 1 emissions arise from gas burned in boilers and fuel used in company-owned cars/vans. Fugitive emissions are reported as zero.
5.2 Detailed Emissions by Source
Scope | Source | Emissions (tCO2e) |
Scope 1 | Direct Emissions (Gas/Fuel) | 6.6868 |
Scope 1 | Fugitive Emissions | 0.0000 |
Scope 1 Subtotal | 6.6868 | |
Scope 2 | Electricity — head office | 0.7389 |
Scope 2 Subtotal | 0.7389 | |
Scope 3 | Category 1: Purchased Goods | 60.3729 |
Scope 3 | Category 2: Capital Goods | 243.6427 |
Scope 3 | Category 3: Fuel/Energy Related | 0.0000 |
Scope 3 | Category 4: Upstream Transport | 0.0000 |
Scope 3 | Category 5: Waste | 0.7656 |
Scope 3 | Category 6: Business Travel | 2.4064 |
Scope 3 | Category 7: Employee Commuting | 75.5655 |
Scope 3 | Categories 8–15 | 0.0000 |
Scope 3 Subtotal | 382.7531 | |
TOTAL | 390.1789 |
5.3 Category 1: Purchased Goods — Detailed Breakdown
This category is a significant source of emissions, accounting for 15.8% of Scope 3 emissions and 15.5% of total emissions.
Emission Source | Spend (£) | Emission Factor (kg CO2e/£) | Emissions (tCO2e) |
Purchased Goods (aggregate) | 60.372948 | 611,906.25 | 60.3729 |
TOTAL | 60.372948 | — | 60.3729 |
Note: Spend-based proxy method applied. A single aggregate spend figure was provided; disaggregation by sub-category is recommended for future reporting periods.
5.4 Category 2: Capital Goods — Detailed Breakdown
This category is the largest source of emissions, accounting for 63.7% of Scope 3 emissions and 62.4% of total emissions.
Emission Source | Spend (£) | Emission Factor (kg CO2e/£) | Emissions (tCO2e) |
Capital Goods (aggregate) | 243.642664 | 666,760.12 | 243.6427 |
TOTAL | 243.642664 | — | 243.6427 |
Note: Spend-based proxy method applied. A single aggregate spend figure was provided; disaggregation by asset class is recommended for future reporting periods.
5.5 Category 3: Fuel & Energy Related — Detailed Breakdown
Emission Source | Activity Data | Emission Factor | Emissions (tCO2e) |
Water | 0.00 | 0.17088 kgCO2e/unit | 0.0000 |
Waste Water | 0.00 | 0.4421 kgCO2e/unit | 0.0000 |
TOTAL | 0.0000 |
Note: Reported as zero. Water and wastewater data was not available for the reporting period. This should be confirmed or captured in future periods.
5.6 Category 5: Waste
Metric | Value |
Activity Data | 1.716 tonnes |
Emission Factor | 446.18 kgCO2e/tonne |
Emissions | 0.7656 tCO2e |
Note: A single aggregate waste figure was provided.
5.7 Category 6: Business Travel — Detailed Breakdown
Sub-Category | Activity Data | Emission Factor | Emissions (tCO2e) | Status |
Air Travel (Domestic & International) | 1,267 miles | 0.22928 kg/mile | 0.2905 | Provided |
Average Car Travel | 0 miles | 0.275 kg/mile | 0.0000 | No Data |
Train Journey (National Rail) | 36,350 miles | 0.05707 kg/mile | 2.0745 | Provided |
Taxi Journey | 121 miles | 0.342 kg/mile | 0.0414 | Provided |
Local Bus Journey | 0 miles | 0.16713 kg/mile | 0.0000 | No Data |
TOTAL | 2.4064 |
Note: Rail is the dominant mode of business travel. Air travel emissions are calculated on a distance basis. This category is mandatory for PPN 006/25 compliance.
5.8 Category 7: Employee Commuting — Detailed Breakdown
Sub-Category | Activity Data | Emission Factor | Emissions (tCO2e) | Status |
Average Car Travel | 258,780 miles | 0.275 kg/mile | 71.1645 | Provided |
Train Journey (National Rail) | 57,652 miles | 0.05707 kg/mile | 3.2902 | Provided |
Work from Home | 3,328 hours | 0.33378 kg/hr | 1.1108 | Provided |
Local Bus Journey | 0 miles | 0.16713 kg/mile | 0.0000 | No Data |
Taxi Journey | — | 0.342 kg/mile | 0.0000 | No Data |
Hotel Stay | 0 nights | 11.2 kg/night | 0.0000 | No Data |
TOTAL | 75.5655 |
Note: Car travel is the dominant active mode, accounting for 94.2% of commuting emissions. Figures are based on averages and should be replaced with actual employee travel survey data. This category is mandatory for PPN 006/25 compliance.
5.9 Categories Confirmed as Not Applicable
Category | Reason |
Category 4: Upstream Transport | Not Applicable due to business process. No goods delivered for distribution, only for internal use. |
Category 8: Upstream Leases | Not Applicable due to business process. No leased assets. |
Category 9: Downstream Transport | Not Applicable due to business process. No physical products to be distributed. |
Category 10: Processing | Not Applicable due to business process. No physical products to be processed. |
Category 11: Use of Products | Not Applicable due to business process. No physical products. |
Category 12: End-of-Life | Not Applicable due to business process. No physical products to be disposed. |
Category 13: Downstream Leased | Not Applicable due to business process. Not a landlord. |
Category 14: Franchises | Not Applicable due to business process. No franchises held. |
Category 15: Investments | Not Applicable due to business process. No investments held. |
6. Intensity Metrics
Absolute emissions figures are read alongside intensity metrics to give a fair picture of performance. This is particularly important for an office-based organisation where headcount and floor area are the primary drivers of emissions.
6.1 Scope 2 Intensity — Head Office
Metric | Value | Unit |
Head office Scope 2 emissions | 0.74 | tCO2e |
Electricity consumption | 4,174.80 | kWh |
Scope 2 intensity (electricity) | 0.177 | kgCO2e/kWh |
Head office floor area | 1,851 | m² |
Scope 2 intensity per m² | 0.0004 | tCO2e/m² |
6.2 Scope 3 Intensity — Head Office
Metric | Value | Unit |
Head office Scope 3 emissions | 382.75 | tCO2e |
Total FTE | 39 | FTE |
Scope 3 intensity per FTE | 9.81 | tCO2e per FTE |
6.3 Business Travel and Commuting Intensity
Metric | Value | Unit |
Business travel emissions | 2.41 | tCO2e |
Total FTE | 39 | FTE |
Business travel intensity | 0.06 | tCO2e per FTE |
Commuting emissions | 75.57 | tCO2e |
Total FTE | 39 | FTE |
Commuting intensity | 1.94 | tCO2e per FTE |
6.4 Portfolio-Level Intensity
Metric | Value | Unit |
Total emissions | 390.18 | tCO2e |
Total FTE | 39 | FTE |
Portfolio intensity (per FTE) | 10.00 | tCO2e per FTE |
Total electricity consumption | 4,174.80 | kWh |
Portfolio intensity (per m²) | 0.21 | tCO2e/m² |
6.5 Recommended Additional Intensity Metrics
To strengthen reporting and enable meaningful year-on-year comparison, Datel Services Limited will collect the following data:
Metric | Data Required | Purpose |
tCO2e per FTE | FTE count (already collected) | Normalise emissions by headcount |
tCO2e per m² | Floor area (already collected) | Normalise emissions by physical size |
tCO2e per £ revenue | Annual revenue | Normalise emissions by business output |
tCO2e per £ spend | Total procurement spend | Track supply chain carbon intensity |
Note: Intensity metrics will be reported alongside absolute emissions, not instead of them. A falling intensity ratio combined with rising absolute emissions indicates growth is outpacing efficiency gains. Both figures are needed for a complete picture.
7. Reduction Targets
Datel Services Limited commits to the following interim and long-term targets:
Target | Baseline | Target Year | Reduction |
Scope 1 and 2 (absolute) | 2025 | 2031 | 25% reduction |
Scope 3 (absolute) | 2025 | 2031 | 25% reduction |
Scope 1 and 2 (interim milestone) | 2025 | 2035 | 50% reduction |
Scope 3 (interim milestone) | 2025 | 2035 | 50% reduction |
Net zero (all scopes) | 2025 | 2050 | Net zero |
These targets are aligned with the UK’s net zero trajectory. Datel Services Limited will set further interim milestones as part of its next annual review, providing a visible mid-point between the 2031 interim targets and the 2050 net zero commitment.
Where a target is not met, Datel Services Limited will publish a root-cause analysis, a corrective action plan, and a revised trajectory in the following annual CRP. The board-level owner for carbon reduction is accountable for remediation.
7.1 Projected Emissions Trajectory
Year | Projected Emissions (tCO2e) |
2025 (Baseline) | 390.18 |
2027 | 351.16 |
2029 | 312.14 |
2031 | 292.63 |
2035 | 195.09 |
2040 | 97.54 |
2050 | 0 (residuals neutralised) |
8. Carbon Reduction Measures
8.1 Scope 1 — Direct Emissions
Scope 1 accounts for 6.69 tCO2e (1.7% of total emissions). The following measures will be prioritised:
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Boiler efficiency improvements | Heating controls optimisation and boiler upgrades | Reduce Scope 1 combustion emissions | 2027–2029 |
Fleet electrification | Replace company-owned vehicles with electric or hybrid alternatives | Significant Scope 1 reduction | 2026–2030 |
Fugitive emissions monitoring | Continue to monitor maintenance records for leakages | Maintain zero | Ongoing |
Fuel consumption monitoring | Install telematics and fuel monitoring across owned vehicles | Enables identification of inefficiencies | 2026 |
8.2 Scope 2 — Electricity Consumption
Scope 2 accounts for 0.74 tCO2e (0.2% of total emissions). The following measures will be prioritised:
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Renewable electricity tariffs | Investigate REGO-backed renewable electricity supply | Up to 100% of Scope 2 (market-based) | 2027–2028 |
LED lighting upgrades | Replace remaining fluorescent and halogen lighting with LED | 2–5% of site consumption | 2026–2027 |
Occupancy sensors | Install occupancy sensors in common areas | 5–10% of lighting energy | 2026–2027 |
Energy efficiency audit | Conduct audit at head office | 5–15% of site consumption | 2026–2028 |
Smart metering | Ensure smart meters are installed and monitored | Enables accurate reporting | 2026–2027 |
On-site renewable generation | Solar PV feasibility study | Reduce Scope 2 electricity emissions | 2027 |
8.3 Scope 3 — Indirect Emissions
Scope 3 emissions account for 382.75 tCO2e (98.1% of total emissions). The following measures will be prioritised:
Category 1: Purchased Goods (60.37 tCO2e — 15.8% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Supplier engagement | Engage key suppliers on emissions reporting and reduction targets | 10–20% of supply chain emissions | 2026–2028 |
Sustainable procurement | Include carbon criteria in procurement decisions | Ongoing | 2026 onwards |
Supplier data transition | Transition from spend-based estimation toward supplier-specific emissions data | Improves accuracy | 2026–2030 |
Category 2: Capital Goods (243.64 tCO2e — 63.7% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Sustainable procurement criteria | Embed carbon considerations in asset purchasing decisions | Significant Scope 3 reduction | 2026–2030 |
Extended equipment lifespan | Extend the operational lifespan of machinery and vehicles | Reduce replacement frequency | 2026 onwards |
Green procurement | Purchase environmentally certified equipment where available | To be quantified | 2026 onwards |
Responsible disposal | Implement responsible disposal and recycling of end-of-life equipment | Reduce end-of-life emissions | 2026 onwards |
Category 5: Waste (0.77 tCO2e — 0.2% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Recycling and segregation | Implement recycling and waste segregation systems | Reduce waste-related emissions | 2026 |
Single-use reduction | Reduce single-use items in office operations | Reduce waste-related emissions | 2026 |
Waste monitoring | Monitor waste data on an ongoing basis | Enables accurate reporting | Ongoing |
Waste stream audit | Obtain full waste breakdown and disposal routes | Improves accuracy | 2026–2027 |
Category 6: Business Travel (2.41 tCO2e — 0.6% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Virtual meeting policy | Introduce a travel policy that prioritises virtual meetings where feasible | 20–30% of business travel emissions | 2026–2028 |
Rail over air | Encourage rail travel for domestic journeys where practical | To be quantified | 2026 onwards |
Travel emissions reporting | Report travel emissions at team level to increase awareness | Enables behaviour change | 2026 onwards |
Category 7: Employee Commuting (75.57 tCO2e — 19.7% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Cycle to work scheme | Promote cycling and walking for commuting | Reduce commuting emissions | 2026 |
Public transport subsidies | Encourage public transport use through subsidies | Reduce commuting emissions | 2026–2027 |
Hybrid working policy | Formalise hybrid working arrangements | 10–15% of commuting emissions | 2026 |
EV salary sacrifice scheme | Encourage employees to switch to electric vehicles | Reduce commuting emissions | 2026–2027 |
Employee travel survey | Replace commuting averages with actual data | Improves accuracy | 2026–2027 |
Category 3: Fuel & Energy Related (0.00 tCO2e — 0.0% of Scope 3)
Measure | Description | Expected Saving | Timeline |
Water efficiency | Install water-saving devices at head office | 10–15% of water emissions | 2026–2027 |
Waste water monitoring | Continue to monitor waste water data | Enables accurate reporting | Ongoing |
Water data capture | Obtain water retailer invoice and meter readings | Improves accuracy | 2026–2027 |
8.4 Leased Office Considerations
The head office is occupied by Datel Services Limited. The following approach is recommended:
- Engage landlord/estate on energy efficiency and renewable energy opportunities where applicable
- Include green clauses in lease agreements where possible
- Report emissions separately for Company-controlled versus landlord-supplied consumption
- Collaborate on building efficiency improvements as these benefit both parties
- Explore joint renewable energy procurement to share costs and benefits
9. Governance and Reporting
Datel Services Limited will:
- Assign a senior responsible officer for carbon reduction
- Report progress against targets annually
- Review and update this CRP annually
- Integrate carbon reduction into business planning and decision-making
- Engage with clients, suppliers, and employees on carbon reduction
- Report intensity metrics alongside absolute emissions to track performance independent of growth
- Set 2035 interim milestones at the next annual review, providing a visible mid-point on the trajectory to 2050 net zero
- Where a target is missed, publish a root-cause analysis, corrective action plan and revised trajectory in the following annual CRP, with accountability held by the board-level owner for carbon reduction
10. Declaration and Sign-off
This Carbon Reduction Plan has been completed in accordance with PPN 006/25 and associated guidance and reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans.
Emissions have been reported and recorded in accordance with the published reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans and the GHG Reporting Protocol corporate standard and uses the appropriate Government emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas company reporting.
Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions have been reported in accordance with SECR requirements, and the required subset of Scope 3 emissions have been reported in accordance with the published reporting standard for Carbon Reduction Plans and the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard.
This Carbon Reduction Plan has been reviewed and signed off by the board of directors (or equivalent management body).
Signed on behalf of Datel Services Limited:
Name: Samantha Fry
Position: Chief Operations Officer
Date: 01/0/2026
11. Methodology Notes
- Scope 2 emissions are calculated using the location-based method, using the UK grid average emission factor of 0.177 kgCO2e/kWh.
- No market-based figure is reported as Datel confirms “No – REGO” for the reporting period.
- Scope 3 Categories 1 and 2 use the spend-based method with DEFRA spend-based multipliers.
- Scope 3 Categories 5, 6, and 7 use activity-based methods with DEFRA 2025 emission factors.
- Air travel emissions are calculated using DEFRA 2025 domestic average passenger factor (0.22928 kg CO2e/mile).
- Where the source spreadsheet records activity data as 0.0001, this represents a placeholder for zero activity. Emissions for these lines are reported as 0.00 tCO2e.
- Where bus or taxi journeys are shown as “No Data”, this indicates that no activity was recorded during the reporting period. These lines are treated as zero emissions but are distinguished from “Not Applicable due to business process” categories.
- Activity data has been converted where necessary to match the unit of the applicable emission factor.
- Fugitive emissions are reported as zero; maintenance records show zero leakages.
- Scope 1 activity data unit is not specified in the source workbook and should be confirmed for audit traceability.
Appendix A: Emissions Summary Table
Scope | Category | Emissions (tCO2e) | PPN 006/25 Mandatory |
Scope 1 | Direct Emissions | 6.6868 | — |
Scope 1 | Fugitive Emissions | 0.0000 | — |
Scope 2 | Electricity (Location-Based) | 0.7389 | — |
Scope 3 | Cat 1: Purchased Goods | 60.3729 | No |
Scope 3 | Cat 2: Capital Goods | 243.6427 | No |
Scope 3 | Cat 3: Fuel/Energy Related | 0.0000 | No |
Scope 3 | Cat 4: Upstream Transport | 0.0000 | Yes |
Scope 3 | Cat 5: Waste | 0.7656 | Yes |
Scope 3 | Cat 6: Business Travel | 2.4064 | Yes |
Scope 3 | Cat 7: Employee Commuting | 75.5655 | Yes |
Scope 3 | Cat 8: Upstream Leases | 0.0000 | No |
Scope 3 | Cat 9: Downstream Transport | 0.0000 | Yes |
Scope 3 | Cat 10–15 | 0.0000 | No |
TOTAL | 390.1789 |
Appendix B: Emission Factors Applied
Category | Factor | Unit | Source |
Natural Gas / Direct Emissions | 0.18252 | kg CO2e/unit | DEFRA 2025 |
Electricity (Grid) | 0.177 | kg CO2e/kWh | DEFRA 2025 |
Fugitive Emissions | 0.2234 | kg CO2e/unit | DEFRA 2025 |
Purchased Goods | Various | kg CO2e/£ | Spend-based proxy |
Capital Goods | Various | kg CO2e/£ | Spend-based proxy |
Water | 0.17088 | kg CO2e/m³ | DEFRA 2025 |
Waste Water | 0.4421 | kg CO2e/m³ | DEFRA 2025 |
Waste | 446.18 | kg CO2e/tonne | DEFRA 2025 |
Business Travel (Car) | 0.275 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Business Travel (Train) | 0.05707 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Business Travel (Taxi) | 0.342 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Business Travel (Air) | 0.22928 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Commuting (Car) | 0.275 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Commuting (Train) | 0.05707 | kg CO2e/mile | DEFRA 2025 |
Commuting (WFH) | 0.33378 | kg CO2e/hr | DEFRA 2025 |
Hotel Stay | 11.2 | kg CO2e/night | DEFRA 2025 |
Appendix C: Glossary
Term | Definition |
tCO2e | Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent — a standard unit for measuring greenhouse gas emissions |
Scope 1 | Direct GHG emissions from sources owned or controlled by the organisation |
Scope 2 | Indirect GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling |
Scope 3 | All other indirect GHG emissions that occur in the value chain |
GHG Protocol | The Greenhouse Gas Protocol — the most widely used international accounting tool for GHG emissions |
PPN 006/25 | Procurement Policy Note 006/25 — UK government guidance on carbon reduction plans |
PPN 006/25 Mandatory Categories | The five Scope 3 categories required by PPN 006/25: Upstream Transport (Cat 4), Waste (Cat 5), Business Travel (Cat 6), Commuting (Cat 7), and Downstream Transport (Cat 9) |
FTE | Full-Time Equivalent — a measure of employee headcount |
DEFRA | Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs — publishes UK emission factors |
Spend-Based Method | An approach to calculating emissions using financial expenditure and emission factors per unit of currency |
Location-Based Method | An approach to calculating Scope 2 emissions using average grid emission factors for the location where energy consumption occurs |
Market-Based Method | An approach to calculating Scope 2 emissions using supplier-specific emission factors or contractual instruments such as REGOs |
REGO | Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin — a certification scheme confirming electricity is generated from renewable sources |
Operational Control | A consolidation approach where the organisation reports 100% of emissions from operations over which it has operational control |
Not Applicable due to business process | A category excluded from the inventory because the organisation’s business activities do not give rise to emissions in that category |
No Data | No activity was recorded by the client during the reporting period for this line |